ITER’s new cryopumps are advanced machines designed to work at temperatures nearly as cold as outer space. They use a process called sorption—where particles stick to very cold surfaces—to create the ultra-high vacuum needed inside the reactor for stable fusion plasma formation. These giant, 8-ton cryopumps not only help cool the system but also remove unburned fuel and helium byproducts, keeping the reactor clean and efficient. These cryopumps are essential for achieving fusion and, as such technologies grow, will likely drive demand for helium in the coming years.
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